Hans Heinrich Zöller1,2,3,4,5,6
M, b. 24 August 1662, d. 19 August 1731
| Father | Nicolaus Zöller1,2 d. 17 Jun 1688 |
| Mother | Margretha (--?--)7 b. c 1616, d. 5 Dec 1696 |
Hans Heinrich Zöller, son of Nicolaus Zöller and Margretha (--?--), was born on 24 August 1662 at Schlitz, (Vogelsbergkreis), Hessen, Heiliges Römisches Reich.1,4 He and Anna Catharina Hohmann, daughter of Andreas Hohmann and Anna Clara Pfannmüller, were engaged on 12 August 1690 at Schlitz.2 Heinrich married Catharina on 8 January 1691 at Schlitz.3,8,9
Heinrich needed a new horse in February 1694 and arranged a trade with a Jewish horse trader. When the Jew delivered the horse, Heinrich carefully checked it for any faults. The law prohibited a trader from selling a horse with any of the four main faults, but this horse had a case of glanders, which repulsed Heinrich. The Jew did not want to refund the payment for the horse. Instead of calling the authorities, Heinrich took the law into his own hands and assaulted the Jew. The Jew then attempted to ride off, but in his rush, fell off the horse. Hans Heinrich confiscated the horse, without paying the Jew.
The case went to court in Burghain. The Jew did not appear for the first hearing, with the excuse that his sister was on her deathbed. She then died and he needed to attend to the necessary ceremonies. When he did appear in court, he testified that the horse must have just started to have glanders that night, because the horse had been healthy when he made the deal.
The court decided that the horse would be restituted to the Jew and Heinrich would be compensated if the horse did indeed have glanders.6
Catharina died on 10 August 1728 at Schlitz at age 62, leaving Heinrich as a widower.10
Heinrich died on 19 August 1731 at Schlitz at age 68 years, 11 months and 26 days.4 On 20 September 1731, an inventory was made of Heinrich's estate by the city secretary Heinrich Oppermann, and two lay members of the court, Johannes Kircher and Hans Heinrich Heyll.6
A translation of the inventory follows:
After the Zöller heirs reported to the court and asked for the resignation of the sealed items, I, as state secretary, was charged with taking a proper inventory of the entire estate. Whereupon then in the presence these previously mentioned two lay members of the court, Johannes Kircher and Hans Heinrich Heyl, then also the son Andreas Zöller and Mr. Heinrich Obermann for the daughter Gertraut Zöller, and Conrad Gebhard as guardian of the deceased son Johann Adam Zöller's surviving little daughter Dorthealiese Zöller in the name of God, the beginning with the immovable property.
The dwelling house before the Oberthor to Johann Georg Brandstätter, there is part of the free citizen farmstead (estate) a haymaker also before the Oberthor on the creek also citizen's farmstead (estate).
Of field estate according to the code book
2 fields before the long [ ] citizen's estate
6 [ ] in the Aue [ ]
2 fields on the Halle B.
2 fields before goose lawn
Land
1 field next to the Sandkirchen [ ]
1 field still the same
Land
6 fields at the Rothen Linde [ ]
2 fields at the Zöller [ ]
1 field behind Hohmanns land [ ]
4 [ ] in the Middle Field [ ]
2 fields in the Middle Field [ ]
4 fields at the Hapell Rein [ ]
4 fields there [ ]
28 Rute* of land at the red linden [ ]
Land
2 [ ] at Zöller [ ]
69 Rute* of land at the Blum [ ]
4 fields at the small Heitz [ ]
½ morgen* 67 Rute* of land at the Kaly Rein [ ]
½ morgen* 34 Rute* of land at the Langgfeld [ ]
2 fields at the Hertz field [ ]
3 [ ] behind Mellmeroth [ ]
3 fields there [ ]
2 fields at the Hapell Rein [ ]
2 fields in Langefeld [ ]
*land measurements: Rute is between 15 18 feet or 4.3-5.2 meters, Morgen is between 150-1400 square Rute, or 2767-5555 square meters. Morgen is theoretically the amount of land that one man and an ox could plow in a morning. “Morgen” in German means “morning”.
Further Land
1 field in the Langenfeld [ ]
3 fields behind mellmeroth [ ]
17 Rute of land at the Blum [ ]
Meadows
50 Rute a meadow at the Erle meadow[ ]
Meadows
83 Rute in the Helgen Meadow [ ]
½ morgen 36 rute a meadow there [ ]
Meadows
31 Rute at the Fötzermach [ ]
½ morgen 58 rute at Lenchroth Nota Bene This was sold to Johann Conrad Schwärtzer for 100 [ ] by the deceased Zöller during his lifetime, and he kept 25 [ ] of the money for himself and the son Andreas received 25 [ ], of the remaining 50 [ ] the daughter Gerdrut and the child Dorthealies should receive 25 [ ] each.
31 Rute there
Gardens
18 Rute at Garten Grabenberg [ ]
8 Rute in the Rippert's Garden
3 beet gardens at Heidberg
Cash
75 [ ] 15 att Lüneb.2/3 pieces
40 [ ] “ “ of 20 old Thalers
40 [ ] “ “ Lüneb. 2/3 pieces
1 ¼ [ ] “ “ still of the yellow
7 [ ] 10 Hessen money
8 [ ] “ various coins
Of Brass and Copper
2 brass [ ]
2 barrel spouts
2 lanterns, a small kettle
a large copper kettle
Of Clothing
a black jacket and shirt
a gray jacket and shirt
a pair of leather pants
a black coat
Of Linen
8 ½ pairs of old sheets
4 pairs of new sheets
4 white pillow cases
3 blue cases
7 table cloths
8 towels
11 shirts
20 3 elle* hunting cloths (walls of strong linen 3 elle tall)
10 8 elle “coarse cloth”
9 grain sacks
1 [ ]
* elle is 21-32 inches
Of Cabinetry
1 clothes closet
3 large and one small chest
1 flour box
4 wooden bed frames
2 armchairs
2 [ ] tables
1 long table
Dishes
2 water vats
2 drink casks
4 good beer casks
1 cabbage vats
2 old [ ] casks
1 tub
2 cask hooks
1 malt vat
2 [ ]
1 [ ], and
1 [ ]
1 [ ] cart
3 small, and
1 large [ ]
1 backing vat
1 salt vat
1 [ ] vat
1 pail
1 drink pail
Various Household Items
2 tin measures
6 wooden plates
1 [ ] iron
2 chopping block
2 backing bowls
1 [ ] tool
2 fire [ ]
1 oven fork
one bench cabinet
1 [ ]
1 [ ]
1 cake pan
2 flax [ ]
3 frying pans
3 benches
1 grill
1 salad grater
1 hook (?)
1 [ ]
2 iron spoons
2 [ ] lanterns
1 meat fork
3 hanging lanterns
3 manure forks
2 work tables
1 rake
1 “agricultural machine used to break flax stems”
1 cleaver
1 “wooden instrument used for beating flax and scraping from it the woody parts”
Further various Household Items
1 “tool used in flax to remove
1 hackle and chair
small wooden bits”
2 spinning wheels
1 wooden lantern
1 [ ]
1 mirror
2 [ ]
1 scissors
1 gun
1 dial balance
Various [ ]
1 plow
1 small chain
1 [ ]
2 feed baskets
1 post fence
2 small [ ]
1 ax
1 fire tool
1 [ ]
1 hammer
1 container
1 pliers
2 [ ] hooks
1 [ ]
1 [ ]
1 cabbage hoe
On the Meadow
1 cow
3 pigs here but the son Andreas first has half
Of Grain
9 [ ] grain
8 [ ] barley
7 ½ measures of wheat
7 ½ measures of peas
3 [ ] 3 containers of oats
6 containers of lentils
Of Straw and Fodder
6 bundle of [back?] straw
1 bundle 18 [ ] of wheat straw
106 bundles of barley straw
63 bundles of oat straw
40 bundles of pea straw
3 cart loads of new hay
1 cart load of further hay
The [ ] is still in the meadow
Of Flax
8 bundles of pure flax of a measure of raw flax
The letters were gone through, and nothing was found besides purchase and trade letters and receipts. No obligations were found. Further the handbook was gone through and the following activity found:
att d(?)
the shepherd Herman from Pfordt [ ] 7 4
the smith from Sandloß 1 5
Conrad Weber himself 10
[ ]
Latus 51 22 4
[ ] att [ ]
Transport 1 22 4
Johann Heinrich Looß 1 15
Stoffel's son in Kleinmohr 15
Kost Märtten's wife herself 17 4
Johann Adam Hohmann 5
Johannes Hoffmann 7
Johannes Habicht 9
Thöniges son in Hechelln 3 20
Summa 29 [ ]
With which now this inventory is finished and after I have done this inventory with diligence and in specific notation from the beginning to the end with the two lay members of court and signed and sealed with the seal, along with the two lay members of the court.
Oppermann [ ]
city secretary
H. Kircher died afterward
Hanß Hey Heinrich Heyll.6
His estate was divided among his three heirs, his son Andreas Zöller, his daughter Gertrud Zöller, and his granddaughter Dorthealiesse Zöller by lot on 30 January 1732.6
His brother-in-law, Adam Hohmann, was mentioned in the distribution of his estate, as having sold him a cow for 8.14 and owing him 5.6
Heinrich needed a new horse in February 1694 and arranged a trade with a Jewish horse trader. When the Jew delivered the horse, Heinrich carefully checked it for any faults. The law prohibited a trader from selling a horse with any of the four main faults, but this horse had a case of glanders, which repulsed Heinrich. The Jew did not want to refund the payment for the horse. Instead of calling the authorities, Heinrich took the law into his own hands and assaulted the Jew. The Jew then attempted to ride off, but in his rush, fell off the horse. Hans Heinrich confiscated the horse, without paying the Jew.
The case went to court in Burghain. The Jew did not appear for the first hearing, with the excuse that his sister was on her deathbed. She then died and he needed to attend to the necessary ceremonies. When he did appear in court, he testified that the horse must have just started to have glanders that night, because the horse had been healthy when he made the deal.
The court decided that the horse would be restituted to the Jew and Heinrich would be compensated if the horse did indeed have glanders.6
Catharina died on 10 August 1728 at Schlitz at age 62, leaving Heinrich as a widower.10
Heinrich died on 19 August 1731 at Schlitz at age 68 years, 11 months and 26 days.4 On 20 September 1731, an inventory was made of Heinrich's estate by the city secretary Heinrich Oppermann, and two lay members of the court, Johannes Kircher and Hans Heinrich Heyll.6
A translation of the inventory follows:
After the Zöller heirs reported to the court and asked for the resignation of the sealed items, I, as state secretary, was charged with taking a proper inventory of the entire estate. Whereupon then in the presence these previously mentioned two lay members of the court, Johannes Kircher and Hans Heinrich Heyl, then also the son Andreas Zöller and Mr. Heinrich Obermann for the daughter Gertraut Zöller, and Conrad Gebhard as guardian of the deceased son Johann Adam Zöller's surviving little daughter Dorthealiese Zöller in the name of God, the beginning with the immovable property.
The dwelling house before the Oberthor to Johann Georg Brandstätter, there is part of the free citizen farmstead (estate) a haymaker also before the Oberthor on the creek also citizen's farmstead (estate).
Of field estate according to the code book
2 fields before the long [ ] citizen's estate
6 [ ] in the Aue [ ]
2 fields on the Halle B.
2 fields before goose lawn
Land
1 field next to the Sandkirchen [ ]
1 field still the same
Land
6 fields at the Rothen Linde [ ]
2 fields at the Zöller [ ]
1 field behind Hohmanns land [ ]
4 [ ] in the Middle Field [ ]
2 fields in the Middle Field [ ]
4 fields at the Hapell Rein [ ]
4 fields there [ ]
28 Rute* of land at the red linden [ ]
Land
2 [ ] at Zöller [ ]
69 Rute* of land at the Blum [ ]
4 fields at the small Heitz [ ]
½ morgen* 67 Rute* of land at the Kaly Rein [ ]
½ morgen* 34 Rute* of land at the Langgfeld [ ]
2 fields at the Hertz field [ ]
3 [ ] behind Mellmeroth [ ]
3 fields there [ ]
2 fields at the Hapell Rein [ ]
2 fields in Langefeld [ ]
*land measurements: Rute is between 15 18 feet or 4.3-5.2 meters, Morgen is between 150-1400 square Rute, or 2767-5555 square meters. Morgen is theoretically the amount of land that one man and an ox could plow in a morning. “Morgen” in German means “morning”.
Further Land
1 field in the Langenfeld [ ]
3 fields behind mellmeroth [ ]
17 Rute of land at the Blum [ ]
Meadows
50 Rute a meadow at the Erle meadow[ ]
Meadows
83 Rute in the Helgen Meadow [ ]
½ morgen 36 rute a meadow there [ ]
Meadows
31 Rute at the Fötzermach [ ]
½ morgen 58 rute at Lenchroth Nota Bene This was sold to Johann Conrad Schwärtzer for 100 [ ] by the deceased Zöller during his lifetime, and he kept 25 [ ] of the money for himself and the son Andreas received 25 [ ], of the remaining 50 [ ] the daughter Gerdrut and the child Dorthealies should receive 25 [ ] each.
31 Rute there
Gardens
18 Rute at Garten Grabenberg [ ]
8 Rute in the Rippert's Garden
3 beet gardens at Heidberg
Cash
75 [ ] 15 att Lüneb.2/3 pieces
40 [ ] “ “ of 20 old Thalers
40 [ ] “ “ Lüneb. 2/3 pieces
1 ¼ [ ] “ “ still of the yellow
7 [ ] 10 Hessen money
8 [ ] “ various coins
Of Brass and Copper
2 brass [ ]
2 barrel spouts
2 lanterns, a small kettle
a large copper kettle
Of Clothing
a black jacket and shirt
a gray jacket and shirt
a pair of leather pants
a black coat
Of Linen
8 ½ pairs of old sheets
4 pairs of new sheets
4 white pillow cases
3 blue cases
7 table cloths
8 towels
11 shirts
20 3 elle* hunting cloths (walls of strong linen 3 elle tall)
10 8 elle “coarse cloth”
9 grain sacks
1 [ ]
* elle is 21-32 inches
Of Cabinetry
1 clothes closet
3 large and one small chest
1 flour box
4 wooden bed frames
2 armchairs
2 [ ] tables
1 long table
Dishes
2 water vats
2 drink casks
4 good beer casks
1 cabbage vats
2 old [ ] casks
1 tub
2 cask hooks
1 malt vat
2 [ ]
1 [ ], and
1 [ ]
1 [ ] cart
3 small, and
1 large [ ]
1 backing vat
1 salt vat
1 [ ] vat
1 pail
1 drink pail
Various Household Items
2 tin measures
6 wooden plates
1 [ ] iron
2 chopping block
2 backing bowls
1 [ ] tool
2 fire [ ]
1 oven fork
one bench cabinet
1 [ ]
1 [ ]
1 cake pan
2 flax [ ]
3 frying pans
3 benches
1 grill
1 salad grater
1 hook (?)
1 [ ]
2 iron spoons
2 [ ] lanterns
1 meat fork
3 hanging lanterns
3 manure forks
2 work tables
1 rake
1 “agricultural machine used to break flax stems”
1 cleaver
1 “wooden instrument used for beating flax and scraping from it the woody parts”
Further various Household Items
1 “tool used in flax to remove
1 hackle and chair
small wooden bits”
2 spinning wheels
1 wooden lantern
1 [ ]
1 mirror
2 [ ]
1 scissors
1 gun
1 dial balance
Various [ ]
1 plow
1 small chain
1 [ ]
2 feed baskets
1 post fence
2 small [ ]
1 ax
1 fire tool
1 [ ]
1 hammer
1 container
1 pliers
2 [ ] hooks
1 [ ]
1 [ ]
1 cabbage hoe
On the Meadow
1 cow
3 pigs here but the son Andreas first has half
Of Grain
9 [ ] grain
8 [ ] barley
7 ½ measures of wheat
7 ½ measures of peas
3 [ ] 3 containers of oats
6 containers of lentils
Of Straw and Fodder
6 bundle of [back?] straw
1 bundle 18 [ ] of wheat straw
106 bundles of barley straw
63 bundles of oat straw
40 bundles of pea straw
3 cart loads of new hay
1 cart load of further hay
The [ ] is still in the meadow
Of Flax
8 bundles of pure flax of a measure of raw flax
The letters were gone through, and nothing was found besides purchase and trade letters and receipts. No obligations were found. Further the handbook was gone through and the following activity found:
att d(?)
the shepherd Herman from Pfordt [ ] 7 4
the smith from Sandloß 1 5
Conrad Weber himself 10
[ ]
Latus 51 22 4
[ ] att [ ]
Transport 1 22 4
Johann Heinrich Looß 1 15
Stoffel's son in Kleinmohr 15
Kost Märtten's wife herself 17 4
Johann Adam Hohmann 5
Johannes Hoffmann 7
Johannes Habicht 9
Thöniges son in Hechelln 3 20
Summa 29 [ ]
With which now this inventory is finished and after I have done this inventory with diligence and in specific notation from the beginning to the end with the two lay members of court and signed and sealed with the seal, along with the two lay members of the court.
Oppermann [ ]
city secretary
H. Kircher died afterward
Hanß Hey Heinrich Heyll.6
His estate was divided among his three heirs, his son Andreas Zöller, his daughter Gertrud Zöller, and his granddaughter Dorthealiesse Zöller by lot on 30 January 1732.6
His brother-in-law, Adam Hohmann, was mentioned in the distribution of his estate, as having sold him a cow for 8.14 and owing him 5.6
Family: Anna Catharina Hohmann b. 13 Apr 1666, d. 10 Aug 1728
- Anna Clara Zöller11 b. 21 Dec 1691
- Andreas Zöller+12,6 b. 18 Oct 1693, d. 19 Apr 1767
- Johann Adam Zöller13,14 b. 30 Jul 1695, d. 14 Feb 1696
- Gertrud Zöller+15,6 b. 1 Feb 1697
- Johann Adam Zöller+16,17,6 b. 16 Oct 1700, d. 7 Dec 1727
- Johann Heinrich Zöller18,19 b. 16 Aug 1704, d. 24 Jul 1707
- Johann Heinrich Zöller20 b. 9 Feb 1707
Citations
- [S760] Evangelische Kirche Schlitz - Taufen 1642-1679, Kirchenbuch 2
http://www.archion.de/p/906c87c259/
Bild 51 - Heinrich Zöller - 24. Aug. 1662
"24. Clauß Zöllner, Pr.
Johann Heinrich
Heiinrich [Mistebach?] susceptor." - [S742] Evangelische Kirche Schlitz - Heiraten 1680-1690, Kirchenbuch 3
Hans Heinrich Zöller und Anna Catharina Hohmann - 12 Aug 1690
"d. 12. Augusti Hans Henrich
Zollern. Nicl. Zöllers p.m.
filius mit Anna Catrinen
Andr. Homans Tochter vom
Hauff gehalten." - [S727] Evangelische Kirche Schlitz - Heiraten 1691-1709, Kirchenbuch 4
Seite 191 - Hans Heinrich Zöller und Anna Catharina Hohmann - 8 Jan 1691
"Den 8 Tag January ist Hanß Heinrich Zöllner undt Anna Catharina Hohmannin getraut
worden." - [S719] Evangelische Kirche Schlitz - Beerdigungsregister 1709-1733, Kirchenbuch 5 Seite 585 - 19. Aug 1731 - "d 19t. Hans Heinrich Zöller gestorben, 70 Jahr."
- [S784] Hans Heinrich Zöller v. Meier, HStAD Best. F 23 A Nr. 606/17, Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt.
- [S1066] Nachlaß des Hans Heinrich Zöller, Salzführer zu Schlitz, HStAD Best. F 23 A Nr. 667/8, , Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt.
- [S744] Evangelische Kirche Schlitz - Beerdigungsregister 1680-1690, Kirchenbuch 3 Seite 354/44.
- [S742] Evangelische Kirche Schlitz - Heiraten 1680-1690, Kirchenbuch 3
Hans Heinrich Zöller und Anna Catharina Hohmann - 12 Aug 1690
"d. 12 Augusti. Hans Henrich
Zolern, Nicl. Zöllers p.
filius mit Anna Catrinen
Andr. Homans Tochter vom
Hanff gehalten." - [S741] Evangelische Kirche Schlitz - Beerdigungsregister 1691-1709, Kirchenbuch 4
Seite 570 - Anna Catharina Hohmann - 10 Aug 1728
"d. 10t. Hanß Henrich Zöllers Frau gestorben, alt 62 Jahr." - [S719] Evangelische Kirche Schlitz - Beerdigungsregister 1709-1733, Kirchenbuch 5
Seite 570 - Anna Catharina Hohmann - 10 Aug 1728
"d. 10t. Hanß Henrich Zöllers Frau gestorben, alt 62 Jahr." - [S726] Evangelische Kirche Schlitz - Taufen 1691-1709, Kirchenbuch 4
Seite 13 - Anna Clara Zöller - 21 Dez 1691
"den 21. Xbris Hanß Heinrich Zöller ein Töchterlein
gebohren worden. Taufzeugen
Andreas Hohmans Eheweib Anna Clara Nomen
Anna Clara." - [S726] Evangelische Kirche Schlitz - Taufen 1691-1709, Kirchenbuch 4
Andreas Zöller - 18 Okt 1693
"den 18 t. Octobris ist Hanß Heinrich
Zöller ein Söhnlein gebohren. Taufpatin
Andreas Hohman als Schwertvatter Nomen
Andreas." - [S726] Evangelische Kirche Schlitz - Taufen 1691-1709, Kirchenbuch 4
Seite 219 - Nr. 40 - Johann Adam Zöller - 30 Jul 1695
"Hanß Henrich Zöllers 3tes Kind ein junger Sohn den 30t. July
[ ] vorm Oberthor zur Welt gebohren, den 1. Aug getaufft, u. genant worden
Johann Adam. Gevatter war Johann Adam Hohmann vorm Niedthor." - [S741] Evangelische Kirche Schlitz - Beerdigungsregister 1691-1709, Kirchenbuch 4 Seite 351/16 - Johann Adam Zöller - 14. Feb 1696.
- [S726] Evangelische Kirche Schlitz - Taufen 1691-1709, Kirchenbuch 4
Nr. 19 - Gertrud Zöller - 1 Feb 1697
"Hannß Henrich Zöllers undt seiner Hausfrawn Catharina 4tes
Kind eine junge Tochter zur welt gebohren am 1t. Febr. des morgens
frühe geg __ Uhr zur Welt gebohren u. de. 2. ejusd. getaufft. [ ]
bey genandt worden Gertrud. Gevatterin war Gertrud Schilling
Wittib." - [S726] Evangelische Kirche Schlitz - Taufen 1691-1709, Kirchenbuch 4
Seite 113, Nr 50 - Johann Adam Zöller - 16 Okt 1700
"Hanß Heinrich Zöllers u. eine Hausfrawn Catharina 5tes Kind ein junger
Sohn am 16. Octobris morgens früh gegen 7 Uhr zur Welt gebohren, undt am
17. ejusdem gestaufft, [ ] genant worden Johann Adam. Gevatter war Johann
Rausch Hafners alhier." - [S717] Evangelische Kirche Schlitz - Heiraten 1709-1733, Kirchenbuch 5 page 436/30.
- [S726] Evangelische Kirche Schlitz - Taufen 1691-1709, Kirchenbuch 4
Seite 179, Nr. 57 - Johann Heinrich Zöller - 16 Aug 1704
"Johann Hans Zöller und seiner Hausfrawn Catharina 6tes Kind ein junger
Sohn am 16t Augusti war ein Sonnabend morgens früh umb 6 Uhr zur Welt gebohren
und den 17. ejusdem getaufft und dabey genant worden Johann Heinrich. Gevatter
war HeJohann Heinrich Schenck ein lediger Pursch deßen Vatter ist Gutsche__
Johannes, Stattbrenner alhier." - [S741] Evangelische Kirche Schlitz - Beerdigungsregister 1691-1709, Kirchenbuch 4
Seite 418, Nr 28 - Johann Heinrich Zöller - 24. Jul 1707
"Hanß Henrich Zöllers [ ] [__meister] Kind Johann Heinrich verschie-
den am 24t. July war ein Sontag und am Montag darauf be-
graben worden." - [S726] Evangelische Kirche Schlitz - Taufen 1691-1709, Kirchenbuch 4
Seite 286 Nr 8 - Johann Heinrich Zöller - 9 Feb 1707
"Hanß Henrich Zöllers und seiner Hausfrawn Catharina 3tes
Kind gegen 9 Uhr ein junger Sohn gebohren am 9t February war ein Mittwoch
abends gegen 9 Uhr am 11. ejusdem getaufft und genant worden
Johann Heinrich. Gevatter war Johann Adam Hohmann."
Last Edited=23 Dec 2023